Computer Motherboard (Descriptive)

PC Motherboard acts like the courses of a human taking the blood all finished permitting the blood to travel. It has many line-like structures that resemble the veins and the corridors. These lines are the wires mounted on the motherboard that keep thousandths or even a huge number of association. Motherboard is a little yet incredible gadget inside the PC framework. The motherboard has three cards on it. To start with, the designs card, it resembles the eyes of the PC, it acts like the eye that saw and reflects pictures to the screen.Second, the sound card it is the mouth of the PC, it sends sound to the speaker, it yells what the PC says. Also, the third, the modem, the nose of the PC. It sniffs messages from the wires originating from the phone lines. On the off chance that there’s a blood, there’s likewise the heart. The processor of the PC goes about as the core of the PC. It has a square-molded chip that has numerous pins. It sits on the motherboard controlling al l the cards including the motherboard.It controls, permits, and limits data that is being dispersed into the framework like the heart. It additionally has a warmth sink and a fan keeping the processor cool. To have the option to finish the framework, it additionally has the cerebrum. Hard plate fills in as the cerebrum of the PC. It is rectangular fit as a fiddle. Inside it, there’s a mirror-like plate where all the data are put away. The plate turn at more prominent speed, contingent upon the data/information is being composed into the disk.Motherboard is additionally comprises of chips, transistors, and capacitors. It is the other part of the motherboard that demonstrations like the organs of the framework. These chips might be little as a grain of rice and greater as a coin. Transistor is a little, dark in shading and rectangular fit as a fiddle. It is in some cases conspicuous in light of its three metal legs joined on it. Transistors is comprises of thousand or even mill ion of IC (Integrated Circuit) pressed in one section. Also, the capacitors resemble tanks joined in the motherboard.It changes in size; it might be little, medium or enormous relying upon the voltage and its capacitance. Motherboard is comprises of a huge number of chips, transistors and IC’s. It acts like the body of the PC. Without it, the PC won't work. It resembles the storage compartment of a tree. It is an astounding thing that has a large number of wires connected in a little board. It is amazing and key part that the PC won't work without it. Reference: * Motherboard. Recovered from http://www. en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/motherboard

The Sun Also Rises :: essays research papers

July's People is an account of a white family who experience life as dark individuals would in South Africa at that point. They leave their home and their occupations in the United States and follow their worker, July, to live in an African clan. The entire time that they are living in Africa they rely upon July for endurance yet they despite everything treat him as a hireling. July wishes that he would be dealt with additional as an equivalent however adjacent to that he wouldn't fret being their worker as long as he gets paid. The inversion of jobs, in this book, doesn't generally change individuals. It is just as they probably am aware where they remain with one another and that would never show signs of change. The Smales would consistently be above July, who might consistently be bound to be their worker regardless of how much their lives relied upon him. Â Â Â Â Â In the United States the Smales were most likely somewhat more wealthy than a normal family. The dad filled in as an engineer and earned substantial sums of money, that is obvious on the grounds that they can bear the cost of a hireling. They choose to leave their home and to move to another and new spot. July drives them to his clan in Africa. The change happens in that spot, to the Smales United States is home yet to July it is a remote spot, though Africa is the place July feels comfortable and the Smales feel like they are on another planet. Being aliens to this new place Smales rely upon July for endurance. Their powerlessness to Goldenberg 2 speak with the locals and the way that they are the main whites in a clan entangles things. They rely upon July to get devices, discover cover, and get food in addition to other things. Simultaneously they don't confide in him. They are continually presuming that he is taking from them, they get steamed when he takes the truck with out their consent, they feel like he is attempting to swindle them somehow or another. Â Â Â Â Â The Smales were never thought of as being a piece of the clan, they stuck out, in light of the fact that they were white as well as on the grounds that they originated from an alternate culture. July remains their hireling all through the entire book. Neither of them, July nor the Smales, endeavored turning out to be old buddies and cooperating through the hardships of war. July requests cash for all that he does and the Smales expect for him to deal with things.

Savannah Points of Interest

Savannah Points of Interest Savannah's historic district was designated a national historic landmark in 1966; many of its 18th- and 19th-century homes have been restored. Despite devastating fires in 1796 and 1820, many old buildings have survived, including the Pirates' House (1754), an old seaman's inn mentioned in Stevenson's Treasure Island ; the Herb House (1734), the oldest existing building in Georgia; and the Pink House (1789), site of Georgia's first bank. The mansion birthplace of Juliette Gordon Low (built 1819â€"21) is owned and operated by the Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. as a memorial to their founder. The monument and grave of Nathanael Greene are in Johnson Square. The many churches include the Lutheran Church of Ascension (dating from 1741); the Independent Presbyterian Church (1890s), a replica of an earlier church destroyed by fire and the scene of Woodrow Wilson's marriage to Ellen Axson; and the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (1876), one of the largest Roman Catholic churches in the Sout h. Introduction Points of Interest History The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Taking a Look at Queen Elizabeth I - 570 Words

She is the last Tudor monarch, and the only virgin queen in her bloodline. Elizabeth I of England was born on September 7, 1533 at Greenwich palace to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. After her sister, Mary I, died on November 17, 1558, Elizabeth came back from her arrest to claim the throne. She is known for being a cunning and shrewd survivalist. Since birth, her life has been about surviving all the odds against her. As she fights her way to the top, the economy, the country’s culture, science and technology, government, and communication will change all around her. Because of her family, Elizabeth was left with a crumbling economy. As each family member ruled, the collapsing economy would worsen, and it was up to Elizabeth to rebuild what her family destroyed. Henry VIII had changed the coinage so that the face value was less, and Mary I lost thousands of dollars to a war that England was not involved in yet. To undo what her family did, she not only taxed the common peo ple, but she taxed those with more riches as well. As she spoke with her financial advisor, Thomas Gresham, he had advised to change the coinage. From there, the queen melted down all coins with no real value, and had a coinage that was newly minted with precious metals. In addition, she changed the face of the coin from her sister to her. As they maintained the coinage’s new value, the economy slowly became stable. Not only did she have economic reforms, but she also has religious reforms. When sheShow MoreRelated Analysis of film Shakespeare in Love Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesthat even in the 21st century Elizabethan drama impacts its audience as it did in the 1500s. The film captured England and the important influence of Elizabeth I during the Renaissance period. Even though Queen Elizabeth didnt have a major role in the film, her characteristics were displayed through the main heroine, Lady Viola. Lady Viola and Elizabeth were both courageous, well-educated women of the upper class. Even though they were privileged in class, they were poor in love and acquired brokenRead MoreReview Of Hail The Virgin Queen Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesHail The Virgin Queen Elizabeth, a film made in 1998 depicts the early years of the reign of Elizabeth I of England and her struggle of learning exactly what it means to be a woman in control of an entire nation. This film is a historical drama with as many ups, downs, twists, and turns one would expect in a film where the main character is considered one of the most esteemed women in history. Elizabeth, played by actress Cate Blanchett at a time when England was divided in deciding whether or notRead MoreA Kingdom Strange By Dr. James Horn1736 Words   |  7 Pagessupplies that they required, John White decided to take a trip back to England to request Queen Elizabeth the IV for the resources that they needed. White left his friends and family including his daughter and her baby, Virginia Dare, who was the first English child born in the New World back at the island. But at that point, sadly he didn’t know that this was the last time he was going to see them. The queen proposed an offer for his c harity to raise money for the colony by fighting in the war againstRead More Why the Spanish Armada Invaded Britain and Lost Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesSpanish Armada Essay In this essay I am going to look at why the Spanish armada wanted to invade Britain and why they failed to do so, was it down to luck or were the British too smart for the Spanish. And was it all Englands glory? The Spanish wanted to invade England was mainly to turn England back into a catholic country, and to get Queen Elizabeth of the throne and to get a queen who was for the catholic monarch on the throne. However there are many other reasons: Firstly Philip II couldnRead MoreQueen Elizabeth: Golden Age1406 Words   |  6 PagesElizabeth’s Golden Age Elizabeth was Queen of England from 1558-1603. During that time England was a strong country and she was a successful queen. Many people thought Elizabeth would not last long without a powerful husband but they were proved wrong. In fact Elizabeth was very clever in not choosing a husband. She didn’t choose a husband because she didn’t want anybody taking over her throne. There were four men that she could have married but said no to. The first man was Philip of Spain. PhilipRead MoreThe Jewish People Of My Heritage1678 Words   |  7 Pagesthis Essay one must look at the personal importance of historical events and choose carefully to embody the choices being considered. Within the subjects that I have chosen for this Essay I am embarking to express my individual opinions and views on the following subjects. We will be going over the seedling of gender equality, the faith of the Jewish people of my heritage, the Greeks impact on architecture and design, the council that made a religion from a man, and lastly a Queen that inspires me toRead MoreThe Church Of England Was Only A Half R1225 Wor ds   |  5 PagesThis statement is valid to a considerable extent. This is due to the fact that before Elizabeth came to the throne her siblings had been before her, Edward VI (1547-53) and Mary I (1553-59), these two had a contrasting religious beliefs and both implemented harsh penalties for those who did not conform to their religious reform. This is one aspect of the Mid-Tudor crisis which then creates a problem for Elizabeth in enforcing religion successfully as Parliament now consisted of both Catholics andRead MoreEssay about Spanish Armada1365 Words   |  6 Pagesdeclared a war. 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I don’t think you can ever say war is ever humane.Read More Poetry Explication Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pagesthey have not, and even more astonishingly, look inside ones self and see what exists. If language is mixed with the tempo of music, something new arises; poetry is born. When words and ideas are set to a beat, they can far more subtly convey concepts that would otherwise need to be explicitly stated and the poem can be appreciated more as a whole, rather than as a collection of thoughts. Though I was never very interested in poetry in the past, taking classes in English has made me quite appreciative

Analysis Of Amrhein, Lexie Sr Flavio s Home - 935 Words

Amrhein, Lexie SR â€Å"Flavio’s Home† Background Gordon Parks is an author and photographer. He was born in Kansas in 1912. He has his own museum called â€Å"the Gordon Parks Museum† that displays some of his best work to the public. Parks also has a foundations called â€Å"the Gordon Parks Foundation.† Many consider â€Å"American Gothic† to be his masterpiece. â€Å"American Gothic† is a famous image that Parks took in Washington, D.C., in 1942. He was the first African American photographer for both Life and Vogue. In addition to taking photos and writing books, Parks was also a poet. Some of his poems include The Learning Tree (1986), A Choice of Weapons (1987), To Smile in Autumn (1988), Arias in Silence (1994), and Glimpses Toward Infinity (1996). The piece below is a description essay of one of his most touching photographs that he took in 1990 of a poor boy in Rio de Janeiro. Summary â€Å"I’ve never lost my fierce grudge against poverty. It is the most savage of all human afflictions, claiming victims who can’t mobilize their efforts against it, who often lack strength to digest what little food they scrounge up to survive† (1). In â€Å"Flavio’s Home,† the author gives his readers a descriptive visual of what life is like on the Rio de Janeiro. More specifically, Parks focuses in on a twelve year old boy that goes by the name Flavio. The author and his co-worker were on a mission to gain information

Today’S Technology Allows One To Make Friends On The Opposite

Today’s technology allows one to make friends on the opposite side of the world; one can see another’s hobbies, music, and photos with just a click of a mouse. Nevertheless, one’s profile isn’t always what it seems; people generate fake accounts to talk to strangers. Under a pseudonym, people can protect their identity and portray themselves as someone different; this is known as Catfishing. In Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, the characters don’t have the technology we have now, but a shipwreck began the series of Catfishing in the Dukedom Illyria. The confusing love triangle encompasses Viola as a girl who dresses as a man named Cesario and falls in love with Duke Orsino; however, he loves Countess Olivia who has fallen in love with Cesario.†¦show more content†¦Malvolio is a deceptive social climber who stated how he would like to marry Olivia for her wealth and live a lavish life of luxury. Sharp-tongued Maria says, â€Å"Obverse hi m, for the love of mockery, for I / know this letter will make a contemplative idiot of him.† Maria writes a fake letter in a handwriting like that of Olivia’s to disguise herself and convince Malvolio that Olivia is writing the letter. Ordinarily, when people catfish today they use pictures of someone to create a fake profile in hopes of luring people in; in this case, the letter is the bait. Maria and the others have become extremely fed up with Malvolio’s behavior and acted out in ways of deception. The events after Malvolio finds the letter on the ground is an episode of self-validation and justification. In the letter written by Maria she writes in Olivia s handwriting saying, â€Å"†M.O.A.I† This simulation is not as the former, and / yet to crush this a little, it would bow to me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Malvolio believes that this vague acronym is about him and begins the snowball effect of Catfishing. During this scene, Sir Toby Belch and Sir Andrew ar e hiding in the hedges and laughing at Malvolio’s foolishness. The letter goes on to say how â€Å"Olivia† has feelings for Malvolio, but cannot act on them because of her status. She requires him to dress and act a certain to confirm his love for her too. Perhaps MalvolioShow MoreRelatedCell Phone Addiction and Face to Face Conversation1050 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome more and more common in todays society, some people have a significant issue with not being able to disengage from their cell phone. So-called â€Å"smart phones,† which combine functionality of an organizer, browsing the Internet, playing tunes, and taking pictures, only worsen the reliance on one’s cell phone. Cell phones are no longer just a privilege but now have become a necessity. While using such devices for everyday tasks, work, and socializing with friends and family is perfectly normalRead MoreCollege Students Social Media Usage1340 Words   |  6 PagesIn the study, Technology Inhibiting One s Coping mechanisms with stress and loneliness, there were five focus group interviews held at the University of California, Irvine. Throughout data collection I formulated a research question, what are the differences between college students social media usage and how do they affect their connections to the campus community? Technology has grown exponentially in the last ten years changing the ways young adults communicate and understand one another. People’sRead MoreThe Lack of Privacy over the Internet1375 Words   |  5 Pagesbecoming less of a factor to people now days and technology contributes to it. Technology is a big part of the problem in many ways. 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This anonymity makes it easier forRead MoreCommunication Modalities in the Field of Healthcare949 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of this paper is to identify and examine one specific mode of communication used by consumers and health care professionals, here the emphasis would be given on the system of electronic medical records. Other things which would be discussed related to this are the benefits to the patient, the issue of maintaining patient confidentiality, the effective means of communication and the overall impact brought by the chosen media. Introduction In todays world, the care of patients is a task whichRead MoreRequirement Six : How To Classify Cultures1490 Words   |  6 Pageswhat they value. I do think that you could look at that culture and say that they are not putting themselves in a position to be successful in todays society. Based on my viewpoints on this, I would say that the culture that I have grown up with is better than that of a native American tribe. 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Priestleys play An Inspector Calls Essay Example For Students

Priestleys play An Inspector Calls Essay J.B. Priestleys play, An Inspector Calls, is about a successful middle class family living in Brumley, a North Midland industrial city. Although the play was written in 1946, it is written as it is in 1912. Edwardian society at that time was strictly divided into social classes. The Birlings and Gerald Croft are celebrating in a rather self-satisfied way, as Gerald and Sheila have become engaged. Arthur Birling is a rather portentous businessman, who owns Birling and Company. Sybil Birling is the upper class wife of Arthur. She is a rather cold, socially dependent woman. Sheila Birling is the daughter of Arthur and engaged to Gerald. She is a kind and thoughtful, very happy with life person. She also acts quite childlike as she calls her parents, mummy, and, daddy. Gerald Croft, fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to Sheila, is the easygoing, wealthy son of the owner of Croft Limited. Eric Birling, the son of Arthur, is a half-shy, half-assertive thoughtful gentleman who can be aggressive when he wants to, but is mainly aggressive towards his father and mother. Eric starts off to be quite similar to his parents, but later on to be less like his mother and father, and more like his sister. Eric is a capitalist to start off with, along with the rest of the family but he disagrees with his fathers view of workers, and when he finds out that his father sacked Eva Smith because she tried to get a higher wage, he says, Why shouldnt they try for higher wages? We try for the highest possible prices. And I dont see why she should have been sacked just because shed a bit more spirit than the others. You said she was a good worker. Id have let her stay. This tells us that Eric is not the same as his parents, and he does not share the same views as his middle class family. As the play goes on, Eric changes his views to be more of a socialist, and ends up being a much more compassionate, caring and considerate young man, rather than self-prioritised and selfish. Priestley establishes an early impression of the characters personalities and interests for the audience before the inspector comes so that we know what kind of people they are. We know that Eric seems to be quite quiet at the beginning, and his first line is after he laughs after Gerald and Sheilas conversation. A few lines later Eric makes a remark directed to Sheila, which makes us think he is quite the nasty fellow. Sheila then says to Eric, Dont be an ass, Eric, so the image of Eric being a pain is built up. Eric also wishes Gerald, All the best! Shes got a nasty temper sometimes. This shows that Eric is still rather childish, even though he is a young man. It also prepares us for Sheilas story, that she had a bad temper with Eva Smith. On page 9, when Mr Birling, Gerald and Eric are talking about womens clothes, Eric says, (eagerly) yes I remember (but he checks himself). This is a dramatic device because it gives the audience the impression that Eric knows something about a girl, as he remembers about a girl he knew who liked clothes, and then he stops himself talking. It could also suggest that he holds an important secret. Another example of a dramatic device is when Eric guffaws after Gerald says that hell be careful when he goes away for, work. This gives the audience the impression that Eric knows a secret of Geralds. However, this could also be that Eric is drunk. Erics father, Mr. Birling, does not approve of Eric. He seems to treat Gerald better than his own son, as Mr. Birling says to Gerald, Youre just the kind of son-in-law I always wanted. Mrs. Birling cannot see Erics faults, one of which is a drink problem. .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894 , .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894 .postImageUrl , .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894 , .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894:hover , .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894:visited , .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894:active { border:0!important; } .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894:active , .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894 .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0e83530ac3848afedf9385ea97ad8894:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Go Ask Alice EssayWhen the inspector arrives and makes his early speech about a young girl dying in the infirmary, immediately, Eric is clearly very shocked as he says, (involuntarily) My God! And as the inspector is talking to them, Eric later bursts out again saying, Well, I think its a dam shame. He is defending the girl, as Mr. Birling has no sympathy for her, just in getting himself out of trouble. Eric says, Why shouldnt they try for higher wages, and I dont see why she should have been sacked just because shed a bit more spirit than the others. Here, Priestley is giving his views on socialism and he thinks that people should at least try for higher wages, and they shouldnt be sacked, especially if they are a good worker. Since Eric has said this, the audiences impression of him has grown, and instead of him being seen as a cocky and arrogant young man, he is now looked at as more sympathetic and compassionate. I also feel this way about my views of Eric, and I now see him as an opposite to his capitalist parents, and he is now starting to see things from the perspective of the working class. Whilst the inspector is talking to Gerald and Mr. Birling, Eric suddenly bursts out with, Look here, Ive had enough of this. This could be because the inspector says that everyone will have an opportunity to talk to him. The inspector then says, (dryly): I dare say. Eric then replies, (uneasily): Im sorry but you see we were having a little party and Ive had a few drinks, including rather a lot of champagne and Ive got a headache and as Im only in the way here I think Id better turn in. When Eric says this, we immediately think that he is trying to get out of the situation by saying that he wants to go because of his headache, and that he is only in the way. He also slips in the fact that they were having a party, and that they were drinking champagne, which is often associated with celebrations. This could be that he is trying to get rid of the inspector by dropping in, that he is interrupting their celebration with accusations and bad news. This gives the impression Eric knows something about the girl and was in some way involved with her. Later on, Eric is said to be in an excitable silly mood, and then the inspector asks why. Mrs. Birling replies, Im afraid he may have had rather too much to drink tonight. We were having a little celebration here-, and the inspector replies, Isnt he used to drinking? Since the inspector says this, it makes us think that Eric may be an alcoholic, or used to be. And because the inspector says it, it is though this may be a factor in the death of Eva.

Shadow chart free essay sample

Shadow chart is the form of protected health information which is difficult to manage. HIPAA’s privacy and security standards help in increasing the safety of this information. Shadow charts are formed because of various reasons and used for various reasons. When primary records are not accessible, physicians tend to make copies of them for easy access and reference. Physicians use these for billing. The shadow charts are not as complete and accurate as a primary record. There is no proper procedure, tracking and accounting for the release of information from shadow charts. There are no strict HIPAA rules for the security of the patient information in shadow charts. But these are subject to covered entity’s policies and procedures. In most of the cases, the shadow charts become completely separated records from the primary record. In these instances where the shadow chart has the patient information associated with an episode of patient care which is not included in the electronic record, such documented information should be scanned to the electronic record and added to the original permanent legal record. We will write a custom essay sample on Shadow chart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A2. Ways to reduce incidents of breach of security of patient health information: Information technology staff can help decrease incidents of security breaches in following ways: a) Providing the staff which handles the patient’s information with restricted access. Access should be provided to the employees for the information that they deal with. b) There should be continuous monitoring on usage of the access to patient information. Audit trail should be run to know if there are any breaches. Strict policies should be implemented to prevent password sharing. c) There should be restrictions on the passwords created by users with regards to complexity, maximum and minimum duration of the password, history of the password etc. Login information should be changed once in three months to keep it secure. d) Each time a user accesses patient information, there should be a popup warning/alert to make sure if the user is accessing the information that he or she is supposed to work on . e) If a user doesn’t use a computer for few minutes, the monitor should get locked to make sure if the patient data is accessible to unauthorized personnel. B. Situation from Montana Code 41-1-402 which can lead to criminal charges on an organization when it is not followed: A situation from Montana Code 41-1-402 which directly influences the clinical staff and lead to criminal charges on an organization is 2d. This code states that minor can give consent to a health care provider for treatment or control access to his/her confidential health information in case of emergency situations where he/she needs emergency treatment without which his/her life or health would be in danger. If a health care provider takes responsibility to manage a minor in emergency situation but denies treatment due to the absence of consent from parents or legal guardian, the health care provider/organization would be held liable for criminal charges according to Montana code 41-1-402 Also if a minor comes to a physician/healthcare provider and requests for management of her pregnancy, and if the physician refuses to manage her pregnancy, the healthcare provider would be held responsible for criminal liability. 1. HIPAA’s definition of criminal liability: Criminal Charges: In June 2005, the U. S. Department of Justice (DOJ) gave the definition of criminal liability under HIPAA. Individuals and entities who intentionally acquire and release personal health information in breach of the Administrative Simplification Regulations are charged with a fine of up to fifty thousand dollars, and an imprisonment of up to one year. Penalties would be increased to a fine of up to hundred thousand dollars fine and 5 years of imprisonment if the wrongdoings are committed under false simulations. If the offenses are committed with the intention to put up for sale, transfer, or utilize personal health information for profitable benefit, personal gain or malicious harm, there would be fines up to two hundred and fifty thousand dollars and an imprisonment of up to 10 years. 2. Part of Montana Code 41-1-402 (2a through 2d) that directly effects the actions of clinical staff. A situation from Montana Code 41-1-402 which directly influences the clinical staff and lead to criminal charges on an organization is 2d. This code states that minor can give consent to a health care provider for treatment or control access to his/her confidential health information in case of emergency situations where he/she needs emergency treatment without which his/her life or health would be in danger. If a health care provider takes responsibility to manage a minor in emergency situation but denies treatment due to the absence of consent from parents or legal guardian, the health care provider/organization would be held liable for criminal charges according to Montana code 41-1-402 (c) Montana code 41-1-401 2C directly influences the actions of clinical workforce. According to this code, a minor who is a pregnant or who is acquired any reportable communicable disease, including an STD (sexually transmitted disease), or drug and substance abuse can give the consent to the health care provider for provision of health services and to manage access to the patient health information. The self-consent in the above mentioned conditions make the healthcare provider obligated to take the responsibility for the treatment and counseling of the patient. C. Situation from Montana Code 50-16-603x related to medical record identification that results in legal charge against healthcare provider if not followed. According to Montana code 50-16-603x, Health care information should not be released without proper written consent from patient. Also, the information should be released only when the type of information to be released and the person to whom it may be released is specified. If the healthcare information is released to a person without proper written consent to the release and without proper mention of the person to be released can lead to a legal claim against an entity or an organization. C1. Confidentiality policy statement: The main purpose of the confidentiality policy statement is to make the employees of any organization aware of their responsibilities when dealing with confidential information. All employees of a department or an organization should follow the policy during the period of work. â€Å"It is a requirement that any individual, company and firm to which this policy applies shall not at any time during the period they work for any organization or at any time after its termination, disclose confidential Information that is held or processed by the organization. â€Å" (NHS Yorkshire and the Humber – Confidentiality Policy Statement and Guidance) Confidentiality should only be breached under special circumstances and with appropriate justification and be fully documented. The following principles should be followed by all the employees of an organization as part of confidentiality policy:- †¢ When an employee is responsible for confidential information, he/she should make sure that the information is well protected against improper disclosure at the time of receiving, storing, transmitting and disposing. †¢ Access to the confidential information should be provided only on a need-to-know basis †¢ Patients/individuals should be informed about how their information would be used or disclosed. †¢ When an individual gives consent for disclosure of confidential information, he/she should be given complete information about what information would be disclosed, the reason for disclosure and the consequences of disclosure †¢Disclosures without consent can be made only under certain circumstances like: a. In case of public interest b. When required by law †¢ Only the necessary information should be disclosed †¢ The disclosure of information should always be documented and justified. The patient information could be released under following circumstances also. It can be released for statistical purposes if the person’s identification is protected, to medical personnel in case of life threatening emergency to save the life of the concerned person, to a local health officer or board, or a district court to prevent the spread of reportable communicable diseases. Healthcare information should be provided to court to use it as evidence in a case of child abuse. It can also be released to prevent injuries caused by the release of biological, chemical or radiological agents. D. Comparison of Montana codes with HIPAA laws with reference to the release of information. 1) According to HIPAA, medical providers must honor requests of the consumer, with regards to viewing and obtaining a copy of his/her medical records, making corrections to the records and to know how the records have been used. Montana codes also state that provider has to provide the requested health information when patient gives written consent 2) According to HIPAA, patient information cannot be disclosed unless he/she signs an authorization form, which must be written in an understandable language and should clearly mention circumstances under which the information can be released as well as the entities to which it can be released. The authorization should also contain the expiration date. Montana codes also stress the importance of proper authorization form filled and signed by the patient for the release of his/her information. 3) According to HIPAA, under following conditions, the providers should not release the information: a) Patients can â€Å"opt out† of providing information: It is the provider’s responsibility to inform the patients either verbally of in writing, what kind of information will saved in the hospital directory and to whom that information will be revealed. The patient has the option to state that he or she does not want information released - including information confirming his or her presence in the facility. b) In situations that could embarrass or endanger patients. Montana codes also states that a health provider may deny access to the patient’s health information if the provider thinks that: (a) Knowledge of the health care information would be injurious to the health of the patient; (b) Knowledge of the health care information could become dangerous to the life or safety of any individual; 1. Release of information policy statement: When a patient submits a written request to examine of copy his/her healthcare information, it is providers responsibility to provide the required information in 10 days after receiving the request. Provider can provide the requested information to the patient for examination during regular business hours. Patient should be notified if the requested information does not exist or cannot be located, if the provider does not maintain the record of the requested information, if the information is in use or unusual circumstances have delayed processing the request. Patient’s request can be denied with proper information. Provider can charge a fee to provide copies of the health information. Also, provider shall provide an explanation of any code or abbreviation used in the healthcare information.

Shianne Buie Chap 19 CC Throughout its history, Am Essays

Shianne Buie Chap 19 CC Throughout its history, Am Essays Shianne Buie Chap 19 CC Throughout its history, America has served as the destination point for a steady flow of immigrants. Our country has even earned itself a nickname, " The melting pot " in reference to the numerous cultures that make up the population. After reading over the European Immigration mentioned in the chapter I found myself curious about the circumstances of first immigrants to ever come to America. Funny enough my curiosity also led me to decide on comparing and contrasting these two immigration periods in American history. It ' s no secret that millions of people from all over the globe have come to call the United States their home throughout the years. From the first ever settler to the most recent new citizen, each and every person had a reason for coming here. Whatever that reason when they came they brought their culture, ideals, religion and many other things along with them. It ' s because of these people that America is such a unique place and without the immigrations of the past we would not be the country we are today. During the colonial era most i mmi grants came from England, while smaller numbers hailed from France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and other northern European countries. While i n contrast, the immigrants who arrived during the urbanization of America came from all four corners of Europe. There were those who came from northern and western Europe, particularly Germany, Great Britain, and the Nordic countries . While there were also immigrants who hailed from the southern and eastern European countries, including Italy, Greece, Russia and Poland. The people who immigrated in our country were from all different walks of life. A great deal of the first ever immigrants were indentured servants bound to servitude in the new world. The rest were pilgrims seeking religious freedom, aristocrats seeking their fortunes and countless others who merely wanted a fresh start. Whether they were a servant or the second son of a lord, the living conditions were harsh for the first immigrants. The journeys across the sea weren ' t all too kind and the life of land was that easy either. Many people died of disease, starvation and some even froze to death during the winters. Now it was a different story when it came to the later arrivals, most of which were penniless, uneducated peasants who could not speak or understand English at all. They, like the first immigrants, were drawn to America due to the mere promises of religious freedom and financial stability. However there were some differences in the reasoning of the two waves of migrants as well. Many of the new arrivals had also been forced out of their homelands due to famines, while others left to escape political or racial persecutio n, and even compulsory military servi ce. Whatever reason immigrants had for comin g the United States a great number of them came indeed. While the first immigrants had to make their own societies from scratch and overcome the environmental struggles, the later arrivals didn ' t have such a hard time. When the industrial economy started booming many new workers were needed in America and this need was met by countless immigrants arriving from Europ e. This level of immigration caused both the American and overall foreign population to increase significantly. While the specifics on the increase in population for the first immigrants are not entirely certain due to lack of documentation, the rise in numbers due to later migration is known. It is said that the European immigrants came to America by the boat loads during the late eighteen hundreds and according to the textbook, by 1890 over 80 percent of the New York population was either an immigrant or a child of one. Add the first wave of immigration to this and one can surely say that the maj ority of America is descended from immigrants. The waves in question defiantly had their differences, but the immigrants of both times periods seemed to have more in common than one would've initially thought.

Strategic Management Analysis on B-777 Aircraft Term Paper

Strategic Management Analysis on B-777 Aircraft - Term Paper Example Boeing 777 business development under Philip Condit is a clear demonstration of a well thought strategic management analysis of the company that helped the Boeing 777 to be an industry leader through large market share. The company through its leadership identified key weaknesses that threatened to collapse the company that included production inefficiencies, high cost of production, delays in delivery among others. This discussion looks at the strategic management of the business in detail. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis involves strategic analysis of both internal and external business environment. Internal business environment is analyzed by looking at the strengths and weakness of a firm while external environment is analyzed through opportunities and threats brought about by forces without the organization. The strengths of the Boeing 777 Aircraft mentioned in the case study are discussed below as follows. One, the company’s decision to involve airline operators across the g lobe who operated earlier versions of Boeing airlines to generate ideas on the new design and customer preferences helped to develop an aircraft that met the needs of the target customers. Decision to outsource key services through subcontracting internationally and within US helped to spread risk reduce time taken to break even. This meant that the company would benefit from comparative advantage of each partner it was working with. In addition, working with various companies across the ground created an opportunity and easy market penetration (Hill and Jones 2009). Strong relationship developed between Philip Condit and the employees (engineers) helped to end the secretive management style. This allowed free flow of information and sharing of new ideas. Acquisition of McDonell Douglas Company in 1997 helped Boeing to become the world’s largest manufacturer and supplier of military aircraft thus expanding this market segment as well as eliminating one of its competitors. In fact its main rival was now Airbus Industries which trailed it by sales. The acquisition helped the Boeing to ride on the skills and networks developed by the acquired company. Ability to develop flexible design from the Boeing 777 helped the company to meet orders for cargo, long, medium and short distance travel aircraft without necessarily incurring high design and development costs. Use of the Digital Designs helped to identify errors and overlaps thus improving on efficiency and reducing time taken to deliver an aircraft. In terms of weaknesses that characterized the company, huge development cost initially threatened the survival of the business. It made returns low and the company would take a long time to break even not to mention creation problem of cash flow. Rising costs, declining productivity and delays in delivers in the early 1990s when the Boeing 777 project was being developed was not a positive aspect towards the project. Highly structured management style just bef ore Philip Condit to the scenes would have easily affected idea generation, product development and production. Huge labor force and large capital outlay required to develop the aircraft almost exhausted the company’s income streams. Managing such a large workforce and imparting the necessary skills was going to be a big challenge especially with the then management structure. The fact that Boeing 777 projec

Asian Commercial Dominance Annotated Bibliography

Asian Commercial Dominance - Annotated Bibliography Example This is politically, socially and economically. Its dominance economically is represented by countries in this continent. Singapore, Indonesia, Japan, China, India and South Korea are some of the countries that contribute to its economic stability. It is the annual GDP from these countries that has enabled the continent to compete actively with Europe. Other countries like Mongolia, Pakistan, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand have also grown tremendously in the economic sector. All this coupled with the minerals in some of the Asian countries ensures that it expands economically. Minerals are found in abundance in Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia amongst others. This has enabled the economic exchange between this continent and many others (Levinson, p 34). The European continent has over the years held the helm in economic stability. It is ranked the highest in relation to current GDP. This position is threatened by the continued dominance of the Asian continent. Th e above mentioned countries have contributed in their own way to overall Asia’s economic dominance. China has grown steadily over the years to ensure that it is the second largest economic powerhouse in the world. It strongly competes with the nation of Japan. This is in relation to many manufacturing plants. Japan is a powerhouse for very many industrial companies all over the world. It is famous for worldwide brands that include Samsung, Toshiba, Sharp, Phillips, and LG amongst many others (Higham, p 45).

Transformational Leadership Style And Organizational Culture Management Essay

Transformational Leadership Style And Organizational Culture Management Essay This quantitative research investigates the relationship between transformational leadership style organizational culture with organizational commitment and job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya. The literature supported the relationship between these variables and the relationship between these variables was investigated by different approaches. However, in the current study the researcher uses transformational leadership style which introduced by Bass as a independent variable and four types of organizational culture such as Clan, Hierarchy, Adhocracy, Market and which introduced by Cameron and Quinn in 1999 as a mediator variable, while the three dimensions of organizational commitment such as Affective, Normative and Continuance commitment which introduced by Meyer and Allen in 1991 and job satisfaction as dependent variables. The objectives of this research are Firstly, to determine the nature of the relationship between transformational leadership style with organizational commitment (affective, normative and continuance) in National Oil Corporation in Libya. Secondly, to determine the nature of the relationship between transformational leadership style with job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya. Thirdly, to determine the nature of the relationship between transformational leadership style with organizational culture (Clan, Market, hierarchy and adhocratic) in National Oil Corporation in Libya. Fourthly, to determine the effect of Organizational culture (Clan, Market, hierarchy and adhocratic) on the relationship between transformational leadership style with organizational commitment (affective, normative and continuance) in National Oil Corporation in Libya. fifthly, to determine the effect of Organizational culture (Clan, Market, hierarchy and adhocratic) on the relationship between tr ansformational leadership style with job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya. Lastly, to determine the nature of the relationship between organizational commitment (affective, normative and continuance) with job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya. To achieve these aims four instruments will use in this research such as Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) uses to test employee opinions about leadership style, Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) uses to measure Organizational Culture, (TCOCQ) Three Components Organizational Commitment Questionnaire uses to measure Organizational Commitment and (JSS) Job Satisfaction Survey to measure Job Satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya. The pilot study asserted that these instruments were suitable for this research because the result of the Cronbachs alpha reliability coefficients for the transformational leadership style, organizational culture, organizational commitment and job satisfaction are more than 0.70. The nature of the data and the relationship between the method and the research objectives are considered as the basis for selecting the right statistical methods. Therefore, this study used what is relevant to the research question and framework. The statistical methods will be used in this study consist of Descriptive analysis, Inferential analysis, Correlation, and Multiple linear regression. The findings from this study will also provide some useful information of leadership style in oil sector in Libya to many researchers and managers with the opportunity to gain and enhance their knowledge in this field, and will be contribute building knowledge and an understanding in this field in National Oil Corporation in Libya insha Allah. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Libya is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and holds the largest proven oil reserves in Africa. Libya has attracted hydrocarbon exploration since 1956, when the first wildcat oil well was drilled onshore in the Sirte Basin. Libya granted multiple concessions to Esso, Mobil, Texas Gulf, and others, resulting in major oil discoveries by 1959. The government dominates Libyas economy through control of oil resources, which account for approximately 95% of export earnings, 75% of government receipts, and over 50% of GDP. The National Oil Corporation was established in 1970. It dominates Libyas oil industry, along with a number of smaller subsidiaries, which combined account for around half of the countrys oil output. Figure 1.1the map of Libya describes Gas Pipeline, Oil Pipeline, Oil Field, Liquefied Gas Planet Oil Terminal (Oil Exporting harbor) and Petroleum refining which owned and controlled by National Oil Corporation in Libya. http://www.odysseydawn.com/libya-oil-map.jpg Figure 1.1: Map of Libya describes Gas Pipeline, Oil Pipeline, Oil Field, Liquefied Gas Planet Oil Terminal (Oil Exporting harbor) and Petroleum refining which owned and controlled by National Oil Corporation in Libya. Source: http://www.google.com.my/images (8-4-2011) National Oil Corporation is carrying out exploration and production operations through its own affiliated companies, or in participation with other companies under service contracts or any other kind of petroleum investment agreements. This is in addition to marketing operations of oil and gas, locally and abroad. NOC has its own fully owned companies which carry out exploration, development and production operations, in addition to local and international marketing companies. NOC also has participation agreements with specialized international companies. Such agreements have developed into exploration and production sharing agreements, in accordance with the development of the international oil and gas industry, and international petroleum marketing. The National Oil Corporation of Libya (NOC) is a state-owned company that controls Libyas oil and gas production. The company is the biggest oil producer in Africa. Its mandate was to endeavor to promote the Libyan economy by undertakin g development, management and exploitation of oil resources as well as by participating in planning and executing the general oil policy of the state. The Brega Petroleum Marketing Company, a subsidiary of NOC, was set up to carry out the marketing activities of NOC, and the marketing assets of all the foreign oil companies were nationalized. A point of that during the past four decades, the impact of leadership styles on organizational performance has been a topic of interest among academics and practitioners working in the area of leadership (Darwish, 1998; Sadler, 2003; Rowe et al., 2005; Gadot,2007; Yiing, and Zaman Ahmad, 2009). The researcher would like to examine how leadership style influences organization performance in Libya in (NOC). Rowe et al (2005) pointed out that the most prominent reason for this interest is the widespread belief that leadership can affect organizations performance (Jing and Avery, 2008). In addition, the creation of a state-owned oil company allowed Libya to follow in the footsteps of other oil-producing economies, where control of such a revenue-generating resource lay with the government. Soon after its establishment, NOC signed a joint venture agreement with the U.S. Occidental Petroleum involving production-sharing. In 1971, NOC arranged a processing deal with Sincat of Italy for refining oil products for domestic consumption, thereby providing a cheap supply of oil for internal Libyan consumption. A joint drilling company was formed with Saipem, a subsidiary of the Italian ENI, in early 1972. By April 1974, production-sharing agreements had been reached with Exxon, Mobil, Compagnie Franà §aise des Pà ©troles, Elf Aquitaine, and Agip. By using the surplus funds and technical expertise of the foreign oil companies, the problem of stimulating investment in exploration was resolved. In 1980, the Libyan Arabian Gulf Oil Company (Agoco) was established by NOC throug h the amalgamation of the Arabian Gulf Exploration Company, Umm-al-Jawabi Oil Company, and direct NOC exploration and production interests. NOC continued to make production-sharing agreements. In 2004, NOCs estimated crude oil output was 1.623 million barrels per day. The company hoped to raise its production to two million barrels per day by 2007. Figure 1.2 below shows the revenue of National Oil Corporation in Libya from (1999 to 2009). Figure 1.2: Libyas Oil Production (1999-2009) in million barrels per day Source: British Petroleum, BP Statistical Review of World Energy June (2010) This study set out to investigate whether there is an interrelation between transformational leadership style and organizational culture, and the effect of organizational culture on the relationship between transformational leadership style with organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the National Oil Corporation in Libya. In particular, our knowledge would benefit from an understanding of how leadership and organizational culture affect job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The study examines Libya National Oil Corporation in relation to leadership style in the organization. Thus, the study also would like to explore an organizational culture of the National Oil Corporation and finally how does leadership style in particular transformational leadership style may influence the National Oil Corporation progresses. The subject of leadership is interesting for many researchers. In addition, the continued search for good leaders has resulted in the development of many leadership theories (Mosadegh and Yarmohammadian, 2006). According to Oluseyi and Ayo (2009) Leadership is a central feature of organizational performance. This is an essential part of management activities of people and directing their efforts towards the goals and objectives of the organization. There must be an appropriate form of behavior to enhance performance. Leadership might be viewed in terms of the role of the leaders and their ability to achieve effective performance from others. In recent years, leadership has been studied in various ways, depending on the researchers methodological preferences and definition of leadership (Chen, 2002; Reuvers, et al., 2008; Gadot, 2007). Oluseyi and Ayo (2009) defined Leadership as the moral and intellectual ability to visualize and work for what is best for the company and its employees. Good management and effective leadership help to develop team work and the integration of individual and group goals. On the other hand, Kenny and Zaccaro (1983) suggested that leaders to be successful need a behavioral repertoire and the ability to select the right role for the situation. To do this, leaders need both cognitive and behavioral complexity and flexibility a leader needs the ability to perceive the needs and goals of a constituency and the ability to adjust ones personal approach to group action (Leban and Zulauf 2004). Therefore, Mosadeghrad et al (2006) pointed out that while there are several styles of leadership such as: autocratic, bureaucratic, laissez-faire, charismatic, democratic, participative, situational, transactional, and transformational leadership. Not everyone agrees that a particular style of leadership will result in the most effective form of organizational behavior. Different styles were needed for different situations and each leader needed to know when to exhibit a particular approach. No one leadership style is ideal for every situation, since a leader may have knowledge and skills to act effectively in one situation but may not emerge as effectively in a different situation. In contrast, Darwish (1998) pointed out that there is wide disagreement among scholars with regard to effective leadership style. For instance, Brozik (1994) argues that no one type of leadership style is the best in all situations. The leader, subordinates and the environment or the task determine the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of each style Kur (1995) believes that effectiveness in leading is directly related to the leaders way of thinking about him, subordinates, organization and environment. Likert (1977) argue that the participative style is more productive in any culture. In the last three decades many scholars had received increasing attention to two new paradigms called transformational leadership and transactional leadership where the interests of the study are. It added a new dimension to organizational studies, namely the visionary aspect of leadership and the emotional involvement of employees within an organization. The basic notion is that a visionary leader can create an impression that he has high competence and a vision to achieve success (Jing and Avery, 2008). According to Bass (1985) developed a theory of visionary or transformational leadership whereby the leader inspires and activates subordinates to perform beyond normal expectations (Jing and Avery, 2008). The study would like to examine this in National Oil Corporation in Libya. On other hand, Lowe et al., (1996) pointed out that there are four dimensions of transformational leadership style such as: Idealized influence or charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. (Bass et al., 2003; Piccolo and Colquitt, 2006), defined these dimensions for transformational leadership as follows: a. Idealized influence or Charisma is the degree to which leaders behave in such a charismatic way that followers identify with them. b. Inspirational motivation is the degree to which leaders articulate visions for the future that appeal to followers. c. Intellectual stimulation is the degree to which leaders challenge assumptions, take risks, and solicit followers ideas. d. Individualized consideration is the degree to which leaders attend to followers needs, act as mentors or coaches, and listen to followers concerns. Bass, (1985), Burns (1978) Leadership is considered a factor that has a major influence on the performance of organizations, managers and employees. More recently, researchers have focused mainly on the subordinates perspective and proposed two main facets of leadership transactional and transformational. This theory suggests that transformational leadership, more than transactional leadership, has a stronger positive effect on employees attitudes towards their job, their job environment, and ultimately affects their work performance. Oluseyi and Ayo (2009) pointed out that leadership is a central feature of organizational performance. This is an essential part of management activities of people and directing their efforts towards the goals and objectives of the organization. There must be an appropriate form of behavior to enhance performance. Leadership might be viewed in terms of the role of the leaders and their ability to achieve effective performance from others. On the other hand, Xenikou and Simosi (2006) suggested that organizational culture and transformational leadership have been theoretically and empirically linked to organizational effectiveness. During the 1990s a number of comparative studies on the culture-performance link showed that certain culture orientations are conducive to performance. Lok and Crawford (2004) pointed out that organizational culture can influence how people set personal and professional goals, perform tasks and administer resources to achieve them. Organizational culture affects the way in which people consciously and subconsciously think make decisions and ultimately the way in which they perceive. While other researchers has suggested that organizational culture can exert considerable influence in organizations particularly in areas such as performance and commitment. Bass (1985) said that transformational leaders frequently change their organizations culture with a new vision and revision of its shared assumptions values and norms. In a transformational culture, there is generally a sense of purpose and a feeling of family. Superiors feel a personal obligation to help new members assimilate into the culture. Assumptions, norms, and values do not preclude individuals from pursuing their own goals and rewards. In addition, Bass (1985) mentioned that transformational qualities lead to performance beyond expectations in organizational settings. A study of Ogbonna and Harris (2000) organizational culture and leadership finds that the two areas have been independently linked to organizational performance. A little critical research attention has been devoted to understand the links between the leadership and culture also and the impact that such an association might have on organizational performance (Ogbonna and Harris, 2000). Organizational commitment is an important employee attribute from the organizations perspective. Several studies have found relationships between high-commitment human resource policies and positive organizational outcomes such as productivity, quality, and profitability (Perryer and Jordan 2005). Organizational commitment has been studied in relation to employee performance there is still considerable controversy surrounding the precise nature of the relationship. While there is some evidence to suggest that organizational commitment is a mediating variable between leadership and performance. Consequently, studies that examine the complex relationships and interaction between these variables will be of value to management theorists and practitioners. Lok and Crawford (2004) said that organizational commitment and job satisfaction have received significant attention in studies of the work place. This is due to the general recognition that these variables can be the major determinants of organizational performance and effectiveness. A numerous of studies in the area of job satisfaction and organizational commitment have been asserted that leadership and organizational culture have significant impact on both job satisfaction and organizational commitment (Chen and Francesco, 2000; Mathieu and Zajac, 1990; Williams and Hazer, 1986). Lok and Crawford (2004) had the same result in his research which has been done to make comparative between Hong Kong and Australian managers the result confirms that organizational culture and leadership styles are important organizational antecedents of job satisfaction and commitment. However, the influence of national culture on leadership styles, organizational culture and their subsequent effects on employees job satisfaction and organizational commitment were not explored intensively enough in National Oil Corporation in Libya. To choose National Oil Corporation in Libya for the current study because Libya is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). It holds the largest proven oil reserves in Africa which make it as one of the most important oil-producing countries in Africa and in the world. Therefore, petroleum sector in Libya is very important sector which is like the backbone of Libyan economy. In this context, National Oil Corporation of Libya (NOC) is a state-owned company that controls Libyas oil and gas production. The company is the biggest oil producer in Africa. Its mandate was to endeavor to promote the Libyan economy by undertaking development, management and exploitation of oil resources as well as by participating in planning and executing the general oil policy of the state. In additionally, the study expected to offer some useful information of leadership style in National Oil Corporation in Libya, and hopes that this useful information can help to contribute building knowledge and an understanding in this filed in National Oil Corporation in Libya. 1.2 Purpose of Research Study The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between transformational leadership, organizational culture, with job satisfaction and organizational commitment in National Oil Corporation in Libya. Cameron and Quinn (1999) pointed out that numerous studies report the most frequent reason given for the failure of planned organizational change was due to a neglect of the organizational culture. According to Schneider (2000) Organizational culture is a key to organizational success, and effective leadership is the means by which the culture is created and managed. Understanding organizational culture is an important activity for managers because it affects strategic development, productivity and learning at all levels of management (Twati and Gammack, 2006). The relationship between transformational leadership style and organizational culture was examined by some researchers such as Xenikou and Simosi (2006), who asserted in his study that organizational culture had direct impact on organization performance while transformational leadership had indirect positive influence on performance through its impact achievement orientation. This study showed that organizational culture mediates the effect of transformational leadership on performance. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to accept or reject the suppositions that there is a relationship between transformational leadership style organizational culture with job satisfaction and organization commitment in National Oil Corporation in Libya. Therefore, Yiing and Bin Ahmad (2009) pointed out that leaders behaviors have positive and significant relationship with organizational commitment. On the other hand, cultures have significant moderating effects on the relationship between leadership behaviors and organizational commitment. However, the main academic purpose of this study is to make a contribution in leadership field behaviors on culture and on organization behavior in the petroleum sector in Libya. 1.3 Problem Statement The oil sector is the most important sector in Libya. Libya is one of the most important oil-producing countries in Africa and in the world and that the interest in this sector is very important. Therefore, this sector needs professionals leaders who can achieve all the goals of both employees and organization. An organization short on capital can borrow money, and one with a poor location can move. But an organization short on leadership has little chance for survival (Darwish, 1998). A set of characteristics that help leaders to achieve the plans, programs, policies and strategy that have been developed and the advancement of their respective organizations. The most important of these characteristics experience, decision-making, knowledge and to deal with the environmental variables that may occur both within and outside the organization. The weakness of these skills and characteristics makes it difficult for leaders to carry out its functions and achieve organizations goals. Therefore, Chen (2002) found that transformational leadership behaviors have a slightly positive relationship with organizational commitment. While Harris and Mossholder (1996), pointed out that organizational culture stands as the center from which all other factors of human resource management derive. It is believed to influence individuals attitudes concerning outcomes, such as commitment, motivation, morale, and satisfaction. In addition, Bass (1985) have mentioned that demonstrates the relationship between leadership and culture by examining the impact of different styles of leadership on culture. He argues that transformational leaders frequently work towards changing the organizational culture in line with their vision. Similarly, Brown (1992) observes that good leaders need to develop the skills that enable them to alter aspects of their culture in order to improve their organizational performance. The leaders of National Oil Corporation have to know that organizational culture, organization commitment and job satisfaction are very important factors can help them to achieve the goals of the organization, and these variables enhance organization performance. In short, and based to what has been mentioned above, this study is trying to clarify the relationship between transformational leadership style organizational culture with job satisfaction and organizational commitment in National Oil Corporation in Libya. Which the researcher believes it does not exist in Libya National Oil Corporation. Specifically, the relationship between transformational leadership style organizational culture with job satisfaction and organizational commitment and how organizational culture effect the relationship between transformational leadership style with organizational commitment and job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya. The research questions are as follows: 1. Is there any relationship between transformational leadership style organizational commitment (affective, normative and continuance) in National Oil Corporation in Libya? 2. Is there any relationship between transformational leadership style job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya? 3. Is there any relationship between transformational leadership style with organizational culture (Clan, Market, hierarchy and adhocracy) in National Oil Corporation in Libya? 4. Does Organizational culture (Clan, Market, hierarchy and adhocracy) have any effect on the relationship between transformational leadership style with organizational commitment (affective, normative and continuance) in National Oil Corporation in Libya? 5. Does Organizational culture (Clan, Market, hierarchy and adhocracy) have any effect on the relationship between transformational leadership style with job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya? 6. Is there any relationship between organizational commitment (affective, normative and continuance) with job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya? 1.4 Focus and Research Objectives The overall objective of this study is to examine the role of leadership style in the National Oil Corporation in Libya. The specific objective in this study is to clarify the relationship between transformational leadership style with job satisfaction and organizational commitment while organizational culture is the mediate variable in the National Oil Corporation in Libya. The study expected to offer some useful information of leadership style in oil sector in Libya, and hopes that this useful information can help to contribute building knowledge and an understanding in this filed in National Oil Corporation in Libya. The breakdown of these objectives yields the following specific objectives: 1. To determine the nature of the relationship between transformational leadership style with organizational commitment (affective, normative and continuance) in National Oil Corporation in Libya. 2. To determine the nature of the relationship between transformational leadership style with job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya. 3. To determine the nature of the relationship between transformational leadership style with organizational culture (Clan, Market, hierarchy and adhocracy) in National Oil Corporation in Libya. 4. To determine the effect of organizational culture (Clan, Market, hierarchy and adhocracy) on the relationship between transformational leadership style with organizational commitment (affective, normative and continuance) in National Oil Corporation in Libya. 5. To determine the effect of organizational culture (Clan, Market, hierarchy and adhocracy) on the relationship between transformational leadership style with job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya. 6. To determine the nature of the relationship between organizational commitment (affective, normative and continuance) with job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya. 1.5 Rationale of Study Previous studies have examined the link between leadership paradigms and behaviors and have shown a positive relationship, none has explained the nature of this connection, and therefore, how and why leadership affects performance. Future research needs to address this deficiency. In sum, based on the above discussion, there are many problems and gaps in existing studies of the leadership performance relationship that need to be addressed before a clear picture of this relationship can be drawn (Jing and Avery, 2008). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership, organizational culture with job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the Notional Oil Corporation in Libya. Therefore, the topic of leadership is very important to the organization performance and the entire petroleum sector. Leaders can set the direction of the organization and it is very significance issue can lead the organization to achieve their goals. To do this study in the Notional Oil Corporation in Libya because Libya is the one of the (OPEC) organization and this sector is very important which is like the backbone of Libyan economy. Therefore, organization culture influences organization performance and also the employees. Organization culture influence perceptions of employees towards investors of technology transfer. Additionally, try to add useful information to improve our knowledge for this field in Libya. 1.6 Significance of Study This study is important for several reasons, to make a positive view of transformational leadership style in the National Oil Corporation in Libya. To clarify the problems and barriers encountered in application of transformational leadership style programs in the National Oil Corporation in Libya in the context to the case included in this study. In addition, to clarify the role of leadership to improve organization performance in the National Oil Corporation in Libya and to what extent this leadership succeeded to achieve organizations goals. On the other hand, this study is an attempt to participate in and contribute to research resulting in knowledge increases. Assist scholars, and other researches in leadership field. The researcher achieved that the leadership style and organizational culture play a significant role to effect organizational commitment and job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya. In particular, how transformational leadership style and organizational culture can impact organizational commitment and job satisfaction in National Oil Corporation in Libya. Finally, the researcher achieved the nature of the relationship between all these concepts such as transformational leadership style, organizational culture, job satisfaction and organizational commitment in National Oil Corporation in Libya. 1.7 Definition of Terms 1.7.1 Leadership Leadership, like most other concepts in social sciences, has no single or unique definition. It has been defined differently by different authors. Leadership is defined as the process of influencing employees to work toward the achievement of objectives. While others defined leadership as a management function, which is mostly directed towards people and social interaction, as well as the process of influencing people so that they will achieve the goals of the organization. 1.7.2 Leadership Style Leadership style is the way to understand why leaders, faced with seemingly identical situations, use such different decision processes. Leadership style can be viewed as a series of managerial attitudes, behaviors, characteristics and skills based on individual and organizational values, leadership interests and reliability of employees in different situations. In the other meaning, it is the ability of a leader to influence subordinates to performing at their highest capability. 1.7.3 Transformational leadership Transformational leadership is grooms followers into future leaders by giving them freedom to control their behavior, elevates followers concerns from physical to psychological needs

Fear in Macbeth :: essays research papers

No Fear Fear motivates many people to act upon matters, right or wrong. This emotion has been important in many events in both works of literature, and in the real world. It has forced military geniuses into retreat, and influenced them to plan another method of attack. Fear can be both a positive and a negative acting force in one’s life, a quality that can motivate one to success as well as to downfall. In the play Macbeth fear was a major motivating factor in character’s actions. Macbeth was fearful of being caught and having to pay for the wrongs he had done – this led to the murders that followed he killed King Duncan. Macbeth's actions were also partially driven by fear of the witches' last prophecy, about the line of kings spawning from Banquo. He was afraid this would come true attempted to prevent it from happening. Lady Macbeth was also plagued by fear as made apparent by the constant washing of her hands while sleepwalking and her speech during her troublesome sleep. Her fulfillment by the direst cruelty and pure evil has worn off, leaving her somewhat of a basket case, ridden by fear and guilt as a result of her actions. After Macbeth kills Duncan, he is too scared to even carry the daggers back into the king’s chamber. When the king’s body is discovered, he kills the two guards that were in Duncan’s room, and places the blame for the murderous deed upon them. His fear forces him to act this way in order to make him seem innocent. Macbeth’s fear of being caught acts as an indicator of his guilt; however at first none of the other characters are able to realize this. As Lady Macbeth becomes consumed by fear and guilt, she is slowly losing her sanity. This is a result of her not being able to handle what she has done to Duncan. In one scene, Lady Macbeth is trying to wash out what she sees as being blood on her hands, even though she is sleepwalking, though the doctor and woman in the room dare not blame her for anything, for fear of being accused and executed for treason. At the start, Lady Macbeth was pushing the fearful Macbeth to kill Duncan. Now, late in the play, their roles have reversed, and it is Lady Macbeth who is fearful, not her husband.

Brain Drain Essay

When highly qualified experts like scientists, engineers, doctors and oft trained persons migrate from under-developed countries and settle down: advanced countries, their migration is called â€Å"Brain Drain†. This problem is not peculiar to India alone. It is being faced by almost all the developing country of the world. Brain drain results in direct loss to the underdeveloped and poor countries who train these experts at a great cost. When these experts migrate to advance countries, such countries stand to gain because they get the services of the experts without having had to spend anything on their training. There are a number of factors responsible for brain drain in India. First of all, India lacks job opportunities. When, after completing higher studies, people do not get any employment in India, they start looking forward to advance countries for jobs. India lacks facilities for advanced research. Most of the students who go abroad for higher research do not return t o India. They are offered lucrative jobs so that they may stay on in advanced countries and give these countries the benefit of their research. India is endowed with vast natural resources like oil, gas, coal, iron ore, gypsum, diamonds, uranium etc. There is no doubt that if these natural resources are exploited in full, India can become one of the developed countries of the world. The Indian experts, whom we lose every year, can stay on in India and help in the development and exploitation of natural resources. Even those experts who have already settled in foreign countries could be lured back to India so that they can help India to become a great power in the world. This problem cannot be solved without the co-operation of the people. The parents of the students should discourage their sons and daughters from going abroad even if they are offered lucrative jobs. Our political leaders should be serious about this problem, and they should set a personal example by preventing their children from going abroad and settling there. All the doctors, scientists and engineers should realise that they owe some duty to their country. Our country spends lakhs of rupees on their training. They should have a feeling of gratitude to their country. Our Government has also been inviting, from time to time, the scientists, engineers, technicians, academicians and even non-resident Indian businessmen, settled abroad, to return to India and help  in the fast industrialization and development of their motherland. They have also been offered a lot of incentives to set up their own industries in India.

Healthy People are a nationwide program set by the United...

Healthy People are a nationwide program set by the United States Department of Health and Human Services with the objectives to promote health and prevent disease. The Healthy People program was first initiated in 1979, followed by Healthy People 1990, 2000 and 2010 with the same goals and objectives to promote health and prevent diseases. Due to the accomplishments that has been achieved in the previous years under this program, the Healthy People 2020 expanded or rather broadened their goals and objectives beyond disease prevention, health promotion and reducing health disparities, but to also eliminate healthcare disparities that has plagued this nation by the year 2020. The governing body, the United States Department of Health and†¦show more content†¦Nurses should therefore advocate for their clients, continue the dialogue to address these so called determinant factors until there is change in all levels, the gaps that have existed for very long are closed, and quality health care delivered equitably among the citizens. †¢ Creating social and physical environment that promote good health is another goal set by Healthy People 2020 that is designed to create and promote a healthy physical as well as social environment by the year 2020. Everyone deserves to have the equal opportunity to make healthy decisions that will promote good and healthy lifestyle. For this to be achieved, health care advances and improvements need to be made. Community integration and planning, social factors such as quality education, community based resources, social support system, hazard free environment all have significant impact on people’s health. With the challenges we face, nurses can promote a safe and healthy environment through nursing education and wellness programs, disease control programs, immunization programs and many more to alleviate and or eliminate burdens, reduce untimely deaths, and create safe environment that promotes a healthy lifestyle for all. †¢ Promoting quality of life, healthy development and healthy behavior across life stages is another goal directed towards individuals in making healthy choices, have healthy development without anyShow MoreRelatedInfant Health And Human Services1694 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, the Department of Health and Human Services works tirelessly in order to improve the conditions for newborn infants. Their goal is to provide essential human services, as well as protect the health for all Americans. Specifically, the area of infant health focuses on the period of rapid development from birth to one year age. 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